Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Virus Hepatitıs B and C Frequency and Characteristics of Disruption

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), which are widespread throughout the world, have a number of effects on the body’s metabolism, in addition to direct liver damage. Among them, lipid metabolism disorders are noteworthy.
Dyslipidemia, which is accompanied by an increase in atherogenic fractional lipids in lipid metabolism disorders, increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in the body and the risk of death associated with them. As a result, various severe comorbid pathologies develop. The data on chronic HBV hepatitis are very different. Currently, the main prevailing version is that the antiatherogenic effect prevails in HBV viral hepatitis, but this issue still remains controversial and contradictory. Taking this into account, we set the following goal.
Aim to study the incidence and characteristics of lipid metabolism disorders in patients with chronic HBV and HCV on an outpatient basis.
Material and methods: In the “Medicus Clinic” medical center located in Baku, 1613 patients of both sexes with chronic viral hepatitis were examined. Of them, 643 were with HBV and 970 with HCV. The average age of the patients corresponded to the form of hepatitis.
The mean age of the patients was 38.2±0.7 and 45.9±0.6 years. The patients were divided into 5 age groups: 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59 and 60≤. HBV and HCV were diagnosed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a Beckman Coulter Access 2 (Germany) device and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a Rotor Gene device. The main lipid indicators, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and atherogenic index (AKI), were measured using an enzymatic colorimetric method on a Roche Cobas 311 device. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the analytical program Microsoft Excel 2010.
Results: Dyslipidemia, which is caused by higher than normal values of the atherogenic fraction of lipids, was observed in both forms of chronic viral hepatitis. Due to the contradictory data in the literature, hepatitis B attracted our attention more. Thus, in patients, regardless of gender, the indicators of HDL, LDL and TC were higher than normal in all age groups, and the highest rate of increase in LDL was noted between 18–29 and 30–39 years of age (6.7±0.4 mmol/l and 7.0±0.4 mmol/l, p≥0.05). The average maximum value of TC in men aged 60≤ (3.1±0.5 mmol/l) and in women in the 30-39 age group (3.9±0.9 mmol/l), LDH with a predominance of men in both gender groups aged 30–39 and 60≤. The HDL index was at the normal level in men in all age groups, values decreased between 50–59 years and returned to values in the 18–29 age group.In women, the level of HDL was pathological only in one age group, while in other groups it was kept within the normal range. The results obtained in various studies prove that HBV has an antiatherogenic effect, and the results obtained by us refuted this.
Conclusion: The results of the study prove that chronic HBV is actively involved in the disruption of lipid metabolism. The antiatherogenic effect of HBV on lipid metabolism, which was determined in other studies, was not confirmed in our study. This can be considered one of the valuable results of our study.